Emhlabeni wezimboni osheshayo namuhla, indima yezinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto ezimbonini isibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni lula izinqubo zokuphatha izinto ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ezimayini kuya ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni, lezi zinhlelo zivumela ukuhamba kahle, okuzenzakalelayo kwezimpahla nezinto zokusetshenziswa, kukhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhambisa izinto akuyona nje ubufakazi bokuthuthukiswa kwezobunjiniyela kodwa futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile empumelelweni yokusebenza kwezimboni zesimanje. Lesi sihloko sihluza izici ezibalulekile, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, nomthelela omkhulu wezinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto ezimbonini ekwenzeni kahle ukuhamba kwezinto nokusebenza kahle.

Izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza, ezokumbiwa phansi, ezokuthutha izimpahla, kanye nokusingatha imithwalo ezindizeni. Ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okubushelelezi, okuqhubekayo kwezinto, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nezingqinamba ezingalimaza kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto ezizenzakalelayo, ngokwesibonelo, zinika amandla izimboni ukuthi ziphathe inani elikhulu lezinto ngokushesha nangokuphepha, kunciphisa ubungozi bephutha lomuntu noma ukulimala. Izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto eziphakeme zakhelwe ukuthi zimelane nezimo eziqinile zezimboni, zinikeze ukuqina nokwethembeka okufaka isandla ekunciphisweni kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.

Eziqinisweni zemayini, izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto zithwala izinto ezisindayo ezifana namalahle namatshe ezimayini ezindaweni ezikude ngendlela ephumelelayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuncika ezimotweni nasekuphathweni ngesandla, okuyizinto ezingezona ezisheshayo futhi ezibiza kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ezimbonini zokukhiqiza, amabhande okuhambisa izinto enza imigqa yokuhlanganisa isebenze kahle ngokuhambisa izingxenye ngaphandle kwezinkinga phakathi kweziteshi zokusebenza, kusekela izindlela zokukhiqiza ezifike ngesikhathi esifanele. Izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto ezisikhungweni sokusabalalisa zisheshisa ukugcwaliseka kwama-oda ngokuhlunga nokuhambisa amaphakheji ngokushesha emagunjini okugcina izimpahla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa izikhathi zokulethwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuhambisa izikhwama ezindaweni zokundiza zishintshe izipiliyoni zabagibeli ngokwenza kube lula futhi kube nokunembile ukuphathwa kwezikhwama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbonini ezahlukene kugcizelela indima yazo ebalulekile ekwandiseni umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, nokugcina amazinga aphezulu okuphepha. Amabhizinisi athatha izinhlelo zokuhambisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ajabulela inzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphumeleleni kokusebenza.

Ukuqhubeka kwakamumva kwethekhinoloji ye-conveyor kulethe inkathi entsha yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza. Ama-conveyor ahlakaniphile afakwe izinzwa nezilawuli zobuchwepheshe avumela ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezimpendulo eziguquguqukayo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza. Lezi zinto ezintsha zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza, zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi zinciphisa ukuguga nokulimala kwemishini.

Ngokwesibonelo, imiklamo ye-conveyor eyingxenye (modular) ivumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwezinhlelo okwenziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile zenqubo, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa nokugcina. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha izindawo zokugcina izimpahla (WMS) kanye nezinhlelo zokufeza ukukhiqiza (MES) kuqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa okungenamihawu kwezisebenzi ze-conveyor nezinhlelo ezibanzi zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezinto isiholele kumabhande e-conveyor anikeza amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuklwebheka, nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana, okwandisa impilo yesevisi nokunciphisa ukuphindwa kokushintshwa.

Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT (Internet of Things) kumakhebhula kuvumela ukugcinwa okubikezelayo ngokuqoqa njalo idatha ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuphuka okungalindelekile. Amakhebhula okuphatha izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo manje avame ukuba nezilawuli ezihlakaniphile ezilungisa isivinini nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo, zilinganisela ukusebenza kahle nokonga amandla. Lezi zinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa ukufaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwezimboni okuhlanganisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokonga izindleko.

Enye yezobuchwepheshe obunamandla kakhulu bokugada ezihlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zokuhambisa izinto ezisebenza embonini ukukala isisindo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izicubu zomthwalo (load cells) noma izikali zebhande (belt weighers) ukugada njalo isisindo sezinto ezihamba ezihambeni. Idatha yesisindo esiqondile ithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezimpahla ngokunikeza ukulandelela okunembayo kwezinto kusuka kumaphuzu okulayisha kuya kumaphuzu okulanda. Leli khono lisiza ekutholeni ukungahambisani kwezinto, ukuvimbela ukulayisha ngokweqile, nokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yezokuthutha.

Ukuqapha isisindo ngesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuvumela ukulungiswa okunamandla kwejubane lokudlulisa kanye nokulinganisa umthwalo, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka komshini nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izimboni ezifana nezimayela nezokukhiqiza zincike kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo ukugcina ukunemba kokukhiqiza futhi zigweme ukuchitha izinto.

Ubuhlakani bezobuchwepheshe bokuqapha umthamo ongaphazamisi njenge-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) ne-RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) buguqule kakhulu ukukala ukuhamba kwezinto eziningi ezidlulisiwe. Ngokungafani nezindlela zakudala ezidinga ukuthatha amasampula ngokomzimba noma izinzwa zokuthinta, izinhlelo ze-LiDAR ne-RADAR zikhipha izimpawu ukuskena imithamo yezinto ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba.

Lezi zibonelelo zobuchwepheshe zinikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngomthamo wezinto kanye nezinga lokugeleza, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi balungise kahle izinqubo zokulayisha nokukhipha. Isimo esingathinti sinciphisa izidingo zokugcinwa futhi sivimbele ukungcola noma ukulimala ezintweni. Ukuqhubeka okunjalo kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ephatha izinto ezihlikihlayo noma eziyingozi, lapho ukungenelela komuntu okuncane kukhethwa ngezizathu zokuphepha.

Ukugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokungaguquguquki kubalulekile ezinqubweni zezimboni, futhi izinhlelo zokudlulisa zidlala indima kulokhu ngokugadwa kokulawula ikhwalithi. Izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe bahlola amapharamitha afana nokusabalala kosayizi wezinhlayiya, okuqukethwe umswakama, kanye nezici zendawo ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwezinto. Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi into ihlangabezana nemininingwane echazwe ngaphambili, okuvumela izinyathelo ezilungisayo ezisheshayo uma kwenzeka ukuphambuka.

Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zokulawula ikhwalithi ezinhlelweni ze-conveyor kusekela ukuthobela imithetho futhi kunciphisa ukungalungi komkhiqizo, kuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende futhi kunciphisa ukubuyiswa okubizayo noma ukuphinda kucutshungulwe. Leli khono libaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokukhiqizwa kukasamente, lapho ukungaguquguquki kwezinto eziluhlaza kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile abaningi ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuhambisa ezimbonini kudala umphumela ophumelelayo ophakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokusebenza ezingeni elisha. Ukuhlanganisa ukukala isisindo ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuqapha ivolumu okungaphazamisi, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngokuxhumana kwe-IoT kuvumela ukutholwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okujulile, kukhuthaza ukwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile.

Isibonelo, idatha evela kumasensori wesisindo nevolumu ingaxhunyaniswa ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ezifana nokuphuma kwemathiriyeli noma ukuvinjelwa kokuhambisa, kukhuthaza izaziso ezenzakalayo nezinyathelo zokuvikela. Uma ixhunywe kumapulatifomu okulawula aphakathi, lezi zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zenza kube lula ukuqapha nokulawula okukude, kunciphisa isidingo sokuba khona kwabantu endaweni futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha.

I-Zibo Boshan Baogang Machinery Factory, umholi ekwenziweni kwemishini yokumba kanye ne-cement, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokudlulisa ukuze ihlinzeke ngezithwali ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezenzelwe izicelo zezimboni ezidingayo. Imikhiqizo yabo igcizelela ukuqina, ukuqapha okunembayo, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, isekela amaklayenti ekutholeni ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kokusebenza. Amabhizinisi athatha lezi zixazululo ezithuthukisiwe azuzwa ekunciphisweni kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi, ukwanda kokukhiqiza, nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuqinisa isikhundla sabo sokuncintisana emakethe.

Cabanga ngesitshalo esikhulu sokukhiqiza usimende esafaka izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhambisa izinto ezihlome ngesisindo sangempela kanye nokuqapha ivolumu ye-LiDAR. Ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa, isitshalo sasibhekana nezinkinga ezivame ukuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kanye nokungahambisani kwekhwalithi okwahlupha ukukhiqiza nokwandisa izindleko.

Ngemva kokufakwa, isitshalo sabona ukwanda okungu-20% ekukhiqizeni ngenkathi kuncipha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15%. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwavumela ukuhlela ukulungiswa okungaphambili, kunciphise kakhulu ukuphuka okungalindelekile. Izinzwa zokulawula ikhwalithi zaqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuholele emkhiqizweni kasimende osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokwaneliseka okukhulu kwamakhasimende.

Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zokuhambisa imithwalo ezindaweni zezindiza ezihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokulandelela obuhlakaniphile kunciphise kakhulu izimo zokulahleka kwemithwalo futhi kuthuthukise isivinini sokuhambisa imithwalo, kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabagibeli emhlabeni wonke. Le mizekelo yangempela ibonisa ukuthi ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuhambisa ezithuthukisiwe zobuchwepheshe kuguqulela kanjani inani lebhizinisi elibonakalayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.

Izinhlelo zokuhambisa izinto ezisebenza ngomshini zisezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nekhwalithi kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokubeka iso ngesikhathi sangempela kanye ne-automation ehlakaniphile kuguqule izinhlelo zokuhambisa ezijwayelekile zaba izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile eziqhubela phambili ukusebenza kahle. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Zibo Boshan Baogang Machinery Factory zibonisa ubuchwepheshe bokuncintisana obutholakala ngokuzibophezela ekwakhiweni nasebuchwephesheni obuphezulu bokuhambisa izinto.

Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokuguquguquka, ukwamukela lezi zixazululo eziphambili zokuhambisa kuyoba kubalulekile kumabhizinisi ahlose ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokugcina isikhundla esiqinile emakethe. Kulabo abanesifiso sokuhlola kabanzi, izinsiza ezifana nama-webinar, amaphepha amhlophe anemininingwane, kanye nemibiko yezimboni zinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kumathrendi akamuva kanye nezinqubo ezinhle kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhambisa.

Ukuhlola okwengeziwe mayelana nezixazululo ezintsha zemishini yezimboni namakhebhula, vakashela i-Imikhiqizo ikhasi le-Zibo Boshan Baogang Machinery Factory. Ukuze uthole imininingwane yenkampani nezibuyekezo zakamuva, i-Izindaba ingxenye inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile, kanti i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi ligcizelela ukuzibophezela kwabo kwekhwalithi nobuhlakani.